mknl.netlify.com

1. Download All Android Apps Free
2. Downloads For Android
3. Download Android Application For Mobile

Android 9 (API level 28) introduces a number of changes to the Android system.The following behavior changes apply to all apps when theyrun on the Android 9 platform, regardless of the API level that theyare targeting. All developers should review these changes and modifytheir apps to support them properly, where applicable to the app.

Find the best free Android games, utilities, antivirus and applications at CNET Download.com, the Web's best guide to mobile apps. All apps download collection APK for android smartphones, tablets and other devices. Download free and best APP for Android phone and tablet with online apk downloader on APKPure.com, including (tool apps, shopping apps, communication apps) and more. AndroLib Pages Currently Being Browsed. Featured Reversi: 705 sec ago. 5848 sec ago Money Rew. Latest Games and Applications in the Android Market. Android Applications. Download All Music Version 1.1.3 US$1.00. Available in: 3D Bliss space GO Locker Theme. The Applications and Games for Android listed on this site are. Jul 30, 2019  Choose 'Download All Files' from list of applications 5. Confirm adding file in the app Supported browsers:. Google Chrome. Stock Android browser. Lightning Browser. Download All Files is a powerful download manager. It helps you download files quickly and reliably to your Android device. It is free and easy to use.

For changes that only affect apps that target API level 28 or higher, seeBehavior changes: apps targeting API Level28+.

Power management

Android 9 introduces new features to improve device powermanagement. These changes, along with features that were already present beforeAndroid 9, help to ensure that system resources are made available to the appsthat need them the most.

Since Android and Chrome OS belong to Google, they cater and offer all applications to the users. Google Play is also the official application store for the Android Operating System and it allows users to browse and download apps developed using the.

For details, see Power management.

Privacy changes

To enhance user privacy, Android 9 introduces several behaviorchanges, such as limiting background apps' access to device sensors, restrictinginformation retrieved from Wi-Fi scans, and new permission rules and permissiongroups related to phone calls, phone state, and Wi-Fi scans.

These changes affect all apps running on Android 9, regardless of target SDKversion.

Limited access to sensors in background

Android 9 limits the ability for background apps to access user input andsensor data. If your app is running in the background on a device runningAndroid 9, the system applies the following restrictions to your app:

• Your app cannot access the microphone or camera.
• Sensors that use thecontinuousreporting mode, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, don't receive events.
• Sensors that use theon-changeor one-shotreporting modes don't receive events.

If your app needs to detect sensor events on devices running Android 9, use aforeground service.

Restricted access to call logs

Android 9 introduces theCALL_LOGpermissiongroup and moves theREAD_CALL_LOG,WRITE_CALL_LOG, andPROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLSpermissions into this group. In previous versions of Android, these permissionswere located in the PHONE permission group.

This CALL_LOG permission group gives users better control and visibility toapps that need access to sensitive information about phone calls, such asreading phone call records and identifying phone numbers.

If your app requires access to call logs or needs to process outgoing calls, youmust explicitly request these permissions from theCALL_LOG permissiongroup. Otherwise, aSecurityException occurs.

Note: Because these permissions have changed groups and are granted at runtime, it's possible for the user to deny your app access to phone call logs information. In this case, your app should be able to handle the lack of access to information gracefully.

If your app is already following runtime permissions best practices, it can handle the change in permission group. Download apps for android.

Restricted access to phone numbers

Apps running on Android 9 cannot read phone numbers or phone state withoutfirst acquiring theREAD_CALL_LOGpermission, in addition to the other permissions that your app's use casesrequire.

Phone numbers associated with incoming and outgoing calls are visible in thephone statebroadcast,such as for incoming and outgoing calls and are accessible from thePhoneStateListener class.Without theREAD_CALL_LOGpermission, however, the phone number field that's provided inPHONE_STATE_CHANGED broadcasts and through PhoneStateListener is empty.

To read phone numbers from phone state, update your app to request the necessarypermissions based on your use case:

• To read numbers from the PHONE_STATEintentaction, you need both theREAD_CALL_LOGpermission and theREAD_PHONE_STATEpermission.
• To read numbers fromonCallStateChanged(),you need theREAD_CALL_LOGpermission only. You don't need theREAD_PHONE_STATEpermission.

Restricted access to Wi-Fi location and connection information

In Android 9, the permission requirements for an app to perform Wi-Fiscans are more strict than in previous versions. For details, seeWi-Fi scanning restrictions.

Similar restrictions also apply to thegetConnectionInfo()method, which returns a WifiInfoobject describing the current Wi-Fi connection. You can only use this object'smethods to retrieve SSID and BSSID values if the calling app has the followingpermissions:

• ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION or ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
• ACCESS_WIFI_STATE

Retrieving the SSID or BSSID also requires location services to be enabled onthe device (under Settings > Location).

Information removed from Wi-Fi service methods

In Android 9, the following events and broadcasts don't receive informationabout the user's location or personally identifiable data:

• ThegetScanResults()and getConnectionInfo()methods from WifiManager.
• The discoverServices()and addServiceRequest()methods from WifiP2pManager.
• The NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION broadcast.

The NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTIONsystem broadcast from Wi-Fi no longer contains SSID (previously EXTRA_SSID),BSSID (previously EXTRA_BSSID), or connection information (previouslyEXTRA_NETWORK_INFO). If your app needs this information, callgetConnectionInfo()instead.

Telephony information now relies on device location setting

If the user has disabled devicelocation on a devicerunning Android 9, the following methods don't provide results:

Restrictions on use of non-SDK interfaces

To help ensure app stability and compatiblity, the platform restricts the use ofsome non-SDK methods and fields; these restrictions apply whether youattempt to access these methods and fields directly, via reflection, or usingJNI. In Android 9, your app can continue to access these restrictedinterfaces; the platform uses toasts and log entries to bring them to your attention.If your app shows such a toast, it is important that you pursue animplementation strategy other than the restricted interface. If you feelthat no alternative strategy is feasible, you may filea bugto request reconsideration of the restriction.

Restrictions on Non-SDK Interfacescontains further important information. You should review it to ensure that yourapp continues to function properly.

Security behavior changes

Device security changes

Android 9 adds several capabilities that improve your app'ssecurity, regardless of which version your app targets.

TLS implementation changes

The system's TLS implementation has undergone several changes in Android 9:

• If an instance of SSLSocket failsto connect while it's being created, the system throws anIOException instead of aNullPointerException.
• The SSLEngine class cleanlyhandles any close_notify alerts that occur.

To learn more about making secure web requests in an Android app, see An HTTPSexample.

Stricter SECCOMP filter

Android 9 further restricts the system calls that are available to apps. Thisbehavior is an extension of the SECCOMP filter that Android 8.0 (API level 26)includes.

Cryptographic changes

Android 9 introduces several changes to the implementation andhandling of cryptographic algorithms.

Conscrypt implementations of parameters and algorithms

Android 9 provides additional implementations of algorithm parameters inConscrypt. Theseparameters include: AES, DESEDE, OAEP, and EC. TheBouncy Castle versions ofthese parameters and many algorithms have been deprecated as of Android 9.

If your app targets Android 8.1 (API level 27) or lower, you receive a warningwhen requesting the Bouncy Castle implementation of one of these deprecatedalgorithms. If you target Android 9, however, these requests each throw aNoSuchAlgorithmException.

Other changes

Android 9 introduces several other changes related to cryptography:

• When using PBE keys, if Bouncy Castle is expecting an initialization vector(IV) and your app doesn’t supply one, you receive a warning.
• The Conscrypt implementation of the ARC4 cipher allows you to specify eitherARC4/ECB/NoPadding or ARC4/NONE/NoPadding.
• The Crypto Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) provider has been removed. Asa result, if your app calls SecureRandom.getInstance('SHA1PRNG', 'Crypto'), aNoSuchProviderExceptionoccurs.
• If your app parses RSA keys from buffers that are larger than the keystructure, an exception no longer occurs.

To learn more about using Android's cryptographic capabilities, seeCryptography.

Android secure encrypted files are no longer supported

Android 9 completely removes support for Android secureencrypted files (ASECs).

In Android 2.2 (API level 8), Android introduced ASECs to supportapps-on-SD-card functionality. On Android 6.0 (API level 23), the platformintroduced an adoptable storagedevice technologythat developers can use in place of ASECs.

Updates to the ICU libraries

Android 9 uses version 60 of the ICU library. Android 8.0 (APIlevel 26) and Android 8.1 (API level 27) use ICU 58.

ICU is used to provide public APIs beneath the android.icu packageand is used internally in the Android platform for internationalization support.For example, it is used to implement Android classes in java.util, java.text,and android.text.format.

The update to ICU 60 contains many small but useful changes, including Emoji 5.0data support and improved date/time formats, as documented in the ICU 59 and ICU60 release notes.

Notable changes in this update:

• The way the platform handles time zones has changed.
  • The platform handles GMT and UTC better; UTC is no longer a synonym for GMT.

    ICU now provides translated zone names for GMT and UTC. This change affects android.icu formatting and parsing behavior for zones like 'GMT', 'Etc/GMT', 'UTC', 'Etc/UTC', and 'Zulu'.

  • java.text.SimpleDateFormat now uses ICU to provide display names for UTC /GMT, meaning:
    • Formatting zzzz generates a long localized string for many locales. Previously, it produced produced 'UTC' for UTC and strings like 'GMT+00:00' for GMT.
    • Parsing zzzz recognizes strings like 'Universal Coordinated Time', and 'Greenwich Mean Time'.
    • Apps may encounter compatibility problems if they assume that 'UTC' or 'GMT+00:00' are output for zzzz in all languages.
  • The behavior of java.text.DateFormatSymbols.getZoneStrings() has changed:
    • As with SimpleDateFormat, UTC and GMT now have long names. DST variants of time zone names for the UTC zone, such as 'UTC', 'Etc/UTC', and 'Zulu', become GMT+00:00, which is the standard fallback when there are no names available, rather than the hard-coded string UTC.
    • Some zone IDs are correctly recognized as synonyms for other zones, so that Android finds strings for archaic zone IDs, such as Eire, that previously could not be resolved.
  • Asia/Hanoi is no longer a recognized zone. For this reason java.util.TimeZones.getAvailableIds() does not return this value, and java.util.TimeZone.getTimeZone() does not recognize it. This behavior is consistent with the existing android.icu behavior.
• The android.icu.text.NumberFormat.getInstance(ULocale, PLURALCURRENCYSTYLE).parse(String) method may throw a ParseException even when parsing legitimate currency text. Avoid this problem by using NumberFormat.parseCurrency, available since Android 7.0 (API level 24), for PLURALCURRENCYSTYLE-style currency text.

Android Test changes

Android 9 introduces several changes to the Android Test framework's libraryand class structure. These changes help developers use framework-supported,public APIs, but the changes also allow for more flexibility in building andrunning tests using third-party libraries or custom logic.

Libraries removed from framework

Android 9 reorganizes the JUnit-based classes into three libraries:android.test.base, android.test.runner, and android.test.mock.This change allows you to run tests against a version of JUnit that works bestwith your project's dependencies. This version of JUnit might be different thanthe one that android.jar provides.

To learn more about how the JUnit-based classes are organized into theselibraries, as well as how to prepare your app's project for writing and runningtests, see Set up project for Android Test.

Test suite build changes

The addRequirements() method in theTestSuiteBuilderclass has been removed, and the TestSuiteBuilder class itself been deprecated.The addRequirements() method had required developers to supply arguments whosetypes are hidden APIs, making the API invalid.

Java UTF decoder

UTF-8 is the default charset in Android. A UTF-8 byte sequence can be decodedby a String constructor, such as String(byte[] bytes).

The UTF-8 decoder in Android 9 follows the Unicode standardsmore strictly than in previous versions. The changes include the following:

• The non-shortest form of UTF-8, such as <C0, AF>, is treated as ill-formed.
• The surrogate form of UTF-8, such as U+D800.U+DFFF, is treated asill-formed.
• The maximal subpart is replaced by a single U+FFFD. For example, in the bytesequence '41 C0 AF 41 F4 80 80 41,' the maximal subparts are 'C0,' 'AF,'and 'F4 80 80.' 'F4 80 80' can be the initial subsequence of'F4 80 80 80', but 'C0' can't be the initial subsequence of any well-formedcode unit sequence. Thus, the output should be 'AufffdufffdAufffdA.'
• To decode a modified UTF-8 / CESU-8 sequence in Android 9 or higher, use theDataInputStream.readUTF()method or the NewStringUTF() JNI method.

Hostname verification using a certificate

RFC 2818 describes twomethods to match a domain name against a certificate—using the availablenames within the subjectAltName (SAN) extension, or in the absence of aSAN extension, falling back to the commonName (CN).

However, the fallback to the CN was deprecated in RFC 2818. For this reason,Android no longer falls back to using the CN. To verify a hostname, the servermust present a certificate with a matching SAN. Certificates that don'tcontain a SAN matching the hostname are no longer trusted.

Network address lookups can cause network violations

Network address lookups that require name resolution can involve network I/O andare therefore considered blocking operations. Blocking operations on the mainthread can cause pauses or jank.

The StrictMode class is a development tool that helpsdevelopers to detect problems in their code.

In Android 9 and higher, StrictMode detects networkviolations caused by network address lookups that require name resolution. Download accelerator for android mobile price.

You should not ship your apps with StrictMode enabled. If you do, then yourapps can experience exceptions, such asNetworkOnMainThreadException when using thedetectNetwork() ordetectAll() methods to get apolicy that detects network violations.

Resolving a numeric IP address isn't considered a blocking operation. Numeric IPaddress resolution works the same as in versions before Android 9.

Socket tagging

In platform versions lower than Android 9, if a socket istagged using thesetThreadStatsTag() method,the socket is untagged when it's sent to another process usingbinder IPCwith a ParcelFileDescriptor container.

In Android 9 and higher, the socket tag is kept when it’s sent to anotherprocess using binder IPC. This change can affect network traffic statistics, forexample, when using thequeryDetailsForUidTag() method.

If you want to retain the behavior of the previous versions, which untags asocket that is sent to another process, you can calluntagSocket() before sending thesocket.

Reported amount of available bytes in socket

The available() method returns 0 when it's calledafter invoking the shutdownInput() method.

More detailed network capabilities reporting for VPNs

Download All Android Apps Free

In Android 8.1 (API level 28) and lower, theNetworkCapabilities class only reported a limited set ofinformation for VPNs, such asTRANSPORT_VPN, but omittingNET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN. This limitedinformation made it difficult to determine if using a VPN would result in chargesto the app's user. For example, checkingNET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED would notdetermine whether the underlying networks were metered or not.

In Android 9 and higher, when a VPN calls thesetUnderlyingNetworks()method, the Android system merges the transports and capabilities of anyunderlying networks and returns the result as the effective network capabilitiesof the VPN network.

In Android 9 and higher, apps that already check forNET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED receive the network capabilities of the VPN and theunderlying networks.

Downloads For Android

Files in xt_qtaguid folder are no longer available to apps

Beginning with Android 9, apps are not allowed to have directread access to files in the /proc/net/xt_qtaguid folder. The reason is toensure consistency with some devices that don't have these files at all.

The public APIs that rely on these files, TrafficStats andNetworkStatsManager, continue to work as intended.However, the unsupportedcutilsfunctions, such asqtaguid_tagSocket(),may not work as expected—or at all— on different devices.

FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK requirement is now enforced

With Android 9, you cannot start an activity from anon-activity context unless you pass the intent flagFLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK.If you attempt to start an activity without passing this flag, theactivity does not start, and the system prints a message to the log.

Screen rotation changes

Download Android Application For Mobile

Beginning with Android 9, there are significant changes to theportrait rotation mode. In Android 8.0 (API level 26), users could togglebetween auto-rotate and portrait rotation modes using a Quicksettingstile or Display settings. The portrait mode has been renamed rotation lockand it is active when auto-rotate is toggled off. There are no changes to auto-rotate mode.

When the device is in rotation lock mode, users can lock their screen to anyrotation supported by the top, visible Activity. An Activity should not assumeit will always be rendered in portrait. If the top Activity can be rendered inmultiple rotations in auto-rotate mode, the same options should be available inrotation locked mode, with some exceptions based on the Activity'sscreenOrientation setting (see the table below).

Activities that request a specific orientation (for example,screenOrientation=landscape) ignore the user lock preference and behavethe same way as in Android 8.0.

The screen orientation preference can be set at the Activity level in the AndroidManifest, or programmaticallywith setRequestedOrientation().

The rotation lock mode works by setting the user rotation preference which theWindowManager uses when handling Activity rotation. The user rotation preferencemight be changed in the following cases. Note that there is a bias to return tothe device's natural rotation, which is normally portrait for phone form factordevices:

• When the user accepts a rotation suggestion the rotation preference changes to the suggestion.
• When the user switches to a forced portrait app (including the lock screen or the launcher) the rotation preference changes to portrait.

The following table summarizes rotation behavior for the common screenorientations:

Apache HTTP client deprecation affects apps with non-standard ClassLoader

With Android 6.0,we removed support for the Apache HTTP client.This change has no effect on the great majority of apps that do not targetAndroid 9 or higher. However, the change can affect certain apps thatuse a nonstandard ClassLoader structure,even if the apps do not target Android 9 or higher.

An app can be affected if it uses a non-standard ClassLoader that explicitlydelegates to the system ClassLoader. These apps need to delegate to the appClassLoader instead when looking for classes in org.apache.http.*. If theydelegate to the system ClassLoader, the apps will fail on Android 9 or higherwith a NoClassDefFoundError,because those classes are no longer known to the system ClassLoader. Toprevent similar problems in the future, apps should in general load classesthrough the app ClassLoader rather than accessing the system ClassLoaderdirectly.

Enumerating cameras

Apps running on Android 9 devices can discover every available camera by callinggetCameraIdList().An app should not assume that the device has only a single back camera or only asingle front camera.

For example, if your app has a button to switch between the front and backcameras, there may be more than one front or back camera to choose from. Youshould walk the camera list, examine each camera's characteristics, and decidewhich cameras to expose to the user.